Positioning on the nutritional approach to the adult oncology patient

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer patients are at high risk for malnutrition and catabolic disorders, which present a challenge for health services and nutrition professionals. Objective: To establish a position on the recommendations for the nutritional treatment of oncology patients based on the clinical practice experience of professionals in the area and based on scientific evidence. Methods: A group of experts in nutrition developed a list of questions on nutritional recommendations for the treatment of cancer patients. A literature review was conducted in Spanish and English and included articles published up to September 2024. The document was structured to facilitate decision making in clinical practice. Results: Of the 12 questions initially elaborated, nine key points were created that encompassed the most relevant topics and were in line with the objective of this study, constituting a tool for nutrition specialists regarding the guidelines and recommendations to be followed in the nutritional approach to oncology patients. Conclusion: Nutritional intervention should be prescribed considering the patient's disease stage, specific energy and protein requirements, as well as food tolerance. A multidisciplinary approach involving a palliative care team, the nutritionist, the oncologist and the family is imperative in order to make decisions supported by the available scientific evidence and respecting the patient's wishes.